The preference of most older people or people with disabilities is clear: to remain in their own home for as long as possible. But beyond preferences, what does research say about the clinical effectiveness and quality of life of home care compared with residential care?
Clinical outcomes: evidence favouring home care
Numerous randomised studies and systematic reviews show that qualified home care reduces readmissions, accelerates postoperative functional recovery, improves medication adherence and reduces mortality in specific conditions (heart failure, COPD, post-stroke). These benefits are particularly evident when home care is delivered by integrated professional teams.
Quality of life and psychological wellbeing
The familiar home environment has therapeutic value in itself: it reduces anxiety, promotes a sense of control and personal identity, maintains social relationships and supports independence. These factors translate into better objective quality-of-life measures than residential care, for the same clinical condition.
Limits and conditions for appropriate care
Home care is not always the best choice: some clinical conditions require a level of continuous care that cannot be provided at home. Comprehensive assessment by a professional team is the tool for identifying the most appropriate solution for each person.
📚 Scientific evidence
- Shepperd S. et al. (2016). Admission avoidance hospital at home. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
- Buja A. et al. (2020). Home care vs institutional care for older patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(3):908.
- OCSE (2023). Health at a Glance 2023. OECD Publishing, Paris.
